Classification of High Voltage Coolant Heaters （According to the heating core technology）

1.PTC electric water heater

Using PTC ceramic semiconductor as the heating element, the positive temperature coefficient characteristic of PTC is utilized to generate heat, which is then conducted to the coolant. The high-voltage interface, temperature sensor, and protection circuit are integrated and connected in series to the vehicle cooling circuit, with hardware self limiting temperature characteristics.
Additional reminder:
1) PTC ceramic tiles are thin black blocks that do not directly contact the coolant and are separated by aluminum alloy;
2) The entire internal components are immersed in the coolant chamber, and the exterior is sealed with a metal cover plate and a red silicone sealing ring

2. Thick film electric water heater

Using stainless steel metal substrate as the carrier, the resistor paste is sintered on the surface of the substrate through thick film printing process to form a heating circuit. After being powered on, the resistor circuit generates heat, which is directly transferred to the circulating cooling liquid inside the cavity.
Workflow:
Issuing work instructions for the entire vehicle → High voltage input, thick film resistor substrate generates heat by energizing → Cooling fluid flows through the substrate to remove heat → High temperature cooling fluid is transported to the battery and cabin circuit; Real time temperature collection by multiple temperature sensors, relying on electronic control closed-loop to regulate power and overheat protection; Cut off the heating output after receiving the shutdown command.

3. Thin film electric water heater

Drawing on the preparation process of microelectronic semiconductor thin films, a vacuum plasma deposition (magnetron sputtering) process is adopted to deposit nanoscale multilayer composite resistive thin films on the surface of metal substrates to form a heating circuit.
Key distinction note: Unlike the thick film screen printing sintering slurry process, the thin film is formed by vacuum sputtering, with a film thickness of only a few hundred nanometers to a few micrometers